Mosquito Bite Treatment And Prevention

What do you think about when you hear the term, ‘Mosquito’? Most of us see them as pesky little insects that give a very itchy bite and are downright dangerous in some circumstances.

But did you know that in the whole scheme of things the mosquito plays quite an important role.

This is what Outdoor Skills Expert, Tamarack Song has to say.

Song of the Mosquito: How to Live in Balance With This Honored Guardian of the Wild Places

No other animal in the Wilderness is more joked about, cursed or feared than Mosquito.  After all, she is known to spread disease, suck veins dry and drive otherwise sound people to delirium.  Yet there is another side …

A couple years ago a reporter from a big city newspaper called me to get some information for an article on Mosquito control and mosquito bite prevention.  He also interviewed an academic bug expert, whose quote, “I wouldn’t go (Tamarack’s) route,” ended the reporter’s resulting article.

Why are there such entrenched camps around how to relate with this fragile, weak-winged being we call Mosquito?  And what might we do to honor her as a fellow creature and occupy the same space as her?  Before we explore those questions let us find out just who this notorious and embattled six-legged is.

To many of us who live both in town and in the farther places, she is a nuisance; to city governments she is another pest and disease carrier to target with a vigorous “control” program.  Humorous postcards in just about every vacation region claim that she is the state bird.  To the manufacturers of Cutters and Off she’s the greatest thing since cockroaches.  To many wilderness trekkers she’s a spoiler who clouds the sun and rivets the skin by day, then by night relentlessly drones her nauseating whine at maddeningly close quarters.  To Native People she is honored sister and animal guide who heralds the coming of the Green Season.  She is a guardian of the farther places, helping assure that their beauties and mysteries be preserved for those who Walk in Balance.

But why Mosquitoes? Why not something more cute, or at least less hurtful?  Many of us who state that we love nature are referring to the noble, the inspiring, the photogenic.  Usually not Mosquitoes.  We have a cultural aversion to insects in general, and biting insects in particular.  Yet insects are the most numerous, varied — and some say the most beautiful — of animals.  Mosquitoes themselves are often resplendent looking; many have iridescent wings and some have other frills such as red-striped legs.

Let us again turn to Native wisdom for another perspective:  In the Hoop of Life all is sacred;  Mosquito is as well a child of  The Mother, thus no more or less important than are we.  Mosquito is as vital and noble and beautiful as Hawk or Grandfather Pine, so she is accorded the same respect and admiration.

She plays an important role in the food chain; her often abundant larvae are food to fish and invertebrates, and she is fare for Birds, Bats, and Dragonflies.

Still, when we are harangued by these pesky little blood siphons we can well find it hard not to develop an attitude and start swatting and spraying.  They can keep us indoors and put a damper on otherwise enjoyable outdoor activities.  So what do we do, especially those of us who wish to live more respectfully and responsibly?

We may try one of the naturally-based repellents which have come on the market in recent years; they may be citronella or citrus oil based.

Megadoses of vitamin B-1 appear to work for some; others favor garlic capsules.  The most curious repellents I have come across are Avon’s Skin-so-Soft and Bounce Fabric Softeners pinned to clothing.  None of the above, however, are near as effective as Cutters or Deep Woods Off.

Yet there is a natural approach as effective as those chemical stews, but it is so little known and hard to bottle that it can’t be bought.  It’s one we live.

The clues to that Balance lie in knowing Mosquito.  She is a fragile creature, a weak flyer sensitive to dryness and paranoid of tight places and anything oily.  She is much like us in the ways she is drawn to food–color, appearance, smell.  She can smell the carbon dioxide in our breath and the carbon dioxide and lactic acid that emanate from our skin;  she can see our silhouette, movements and the color of our clothing and can sense our body heat.

Some of us ring our dinner bell louder than others because we have a mouth watering combination of the above signals.  The key to DEET-free outdoor living is to eliminate or disguise as many of those signals as possible and to confound Mosquito over the rest.  The following list contains some suggestions which have overlapping effect; select a combination which best fits your person and situation.  They work synergistically; several together can be as effective as a synthetic deterrent.

Mosquito Bite Prevention:

Location

• Stay in the breeze. Mosquito can fly only eight m.p.h., so it doesn’t take much to waft her away.

• Create a breeze. A 50 yard dash will leave the swarm lost and confused.  Repeat as necessary.

• Choose a high sunny location.  Mosquito dehydrates easily, so seeks shade and low areas where the humidity is higher.  If all else fails, climb a tree or perch atop a rock.

Clothing

•   Wear long, loose-fitting garb to keep Mosquito from biting through to skin. Earth hues disguise us in the Woods; green is best, brown rates second. White masks your silhouette in       the open.  Blue is worst; Mosquito mistakes it for a flowering plant from which she draws sustaining juices. Red flags her in also, as well as other insects.  (Below-waist colors aren’t as       critical; Mosquito will bite regardless.)

•   Air out outdoor clothing so that it does not harbor attractive odors.

•   Drape a Fern frond, long hair or something similar over head and face. Mosquito doesn’t like close overhead shadows or feeling boxed in while feeding.

Movement

•   Go slowly, remain calm.  The more we sweat, breathe and agitate, the more Mosquitoes we will attract and from a farther distance.

•   Walk first in line.  The cumulative draw of a group of people is felt more the farther back in  line one is.

Diet

•   Eat raw garlic.  The essence laces breath and exudes from skin pores, masking your lunch call.

•   Eat foods and drink aromatic teas indigenous to your area..  You’ll then smell like  you belong.  (I learned this from the local Natives, who did it to camouflage for the hunt.)

•   Avoid stimulants and sugar.  They rev up the metabolism, which sends out louder invitations.

Skin Slatherings

•   Oil your skin.  Mosquitoes are obsessive about keeping their wings grease-free.

•   Apply an aromatic oil such as Cedar (or other conifer) or crushed orange peel, onion or garlic.  Give special attention to the warmest, leanest parts of your body — neck, armpits, ears, wrists — wherever blood vessels are close to the surface.

•   Teas of the above will work also, but lose effectiveness when they dry.  Sweat keeps them active.

•   Smoke skin, hair and clothing.  Make a small smudge fire (see box), hold clothing over smoke and work into hair.

•    Avoid scented personal care products and laundry detergents.  They are seductive perfume to Mosquito when activated by body heat.

Time

•   Choose midday or after dark to be out.  Mosquitoes are most active at dawn and dusk.

•   Choose a cool over a hot day, a sunny over a cloudy day, a low-humidity over a high-humidity day.

For Your Camp

•   Welcome Dragonflies and foster ponds — their breeding ground.  They can consume their weight in Mosquitoes in a half hour, they’ll fly miles for the meal, and they can spot the buggers 50 feet away. Immature Mosquitos, called wrigglers, are water dwellers and the favorite food of Dragonfly larvae–also water dwellers. Old favorites like Bats and Purple Martins include an average of only a couple percent Mosquitoes in their diets.

•   Keep a section of yard open to sun and breeze.

When On the Trail

•   Follow the guidelines under Location in choosing your campsite.

•   Make a smudge fire to create a dense, cool, low-hanging smoke (see box).  When smoke hangs around, the Mosquitoes don’t.

•   Sit tight.  If the Mosquito population is light to moderate, those in your immediate vicinity will soon satiate themselves (or get massacred — your choice) and you’ll be left with just the occasional drifter to feed.

•   Brush them off. Our most common Mosquitoes take several seconds after landing to bite, so keepin’ them hoppin’ with a periodic sweep can be a temporary fix.

First Aid

A Mosquito bite itches and swells as the result of an allergic reaction to the anticoagulant in her saliva.  The most effective treatment I’ve found is to alternately compress and release the bite to cause the toxin to disperse.  This works for the bites of most other insects as well.

Dehydration may magnify bite reaction; be sure to hydrate well before hitting the  trail and also carry along adequate drinking water.

Perhaps the fact that I’m still alive and sane after years of outdoor living (without commercial repellant) in Skeeter Country is some testament to the fact that this mosquito bite prevention approach does work.  And yet I like a few Mosquitoes around; they help me to slow down and they bring me teachings that touch many areas of my life.  I am proud and honored to live in their domain and call them sister.

Tamarack Song has been a student and teacher of the traditional outdoor skills his whole life. He is an author and director of the celebrated Teaching Drum Outdoor School. We thank him for sharing his wisdom on mosquito bite prevention
by Tamarack Song

First published on Teaching Drum Outdoor School’s site.

Role Of Lemon In Treating Insect Bites

Summer is the time when people prefer to go for a retreat to cooler destinations. Clear skies and still weather conditions make it the ideal time.

Treatments For Mosquito Bite. What You Can Use At Home?

You can make ice wraps and apply them on the bites. This is one of the most effective mosquito bites treatment you can safely use at home. It helps bring down the swelling on affected skin. This eases irritation and the pain too.

Treatments For Kinds Of Insect Bites

A mosquito bite usually results in redness and minor local swelling around the mosquito bite site. Itching is also very common and tends to last longer than the swelling, which subsides after a few hours. 

Mosquito Bites and Remedies

Treating Mosquito Bites. Defense is the best from of treatment here. Take adequate precautions to ensure that you are not bitten by a mosquito. But if you have been bitten, then here are some home remedies that you can use

Aromatherapy Oil for Insect Bite Relief  Aromatherapy Massage

Essential Oil for Insect Bite Treatment. Though there are several remedies that can be used for relieving the itch and discomfort of a mosquito bite, essential oils work well too. In fact you can get instant relief from all the itching.

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Do you have any bushcraft skills? If you were to become lost in the wild do you have the skills necessary to erect a shelter, start a fire, locate some water and find some nutritious food? And would you know what is safe to eat? Would you know how to stop insect bites?

      >>   Find a natural mosquito bite prevention alternative here 

Living in our modern, convenience food world we have all lost touch with the sources of our food. Today, children grow up in cities and many have no idea where their food comes from. I once taught a young guy who didn’t know that burgers were made from beef. I don’t know what he thought they were made out of.

If you are lost in the wild, without bushcraft skills you might be surprised to find that there are no all night supermarkets. You really need to be able to identify what is safe to eat and what is potentially harmful. If you have ever seen Bear Grylls surviving in various inhospitable parts of the world he always catches and eats whatever he can find. Something you may have noticed is that Bear is never without his bushcraft knife, an essential survival tool.

Wild berries could be a valuable form of food and nutrition. Our ancestors would have gathered nuts, berries and grain when in season and either eaten these raw or prepared them in some way. But some berries can be deadly poisonous.

Yew berries are very poisonous causing many poisonings every year. They are bright scarlet in color, about 8 to 10mm in diameter with an indentation at the base. The berries look deceptively appetising leading many young children to eat then.

Deadly Nightshade is another berry that results in many visits to the emergency room each year. The clue is in the name, not in the appearance. This plant is also commonly known as Belladonna, producing sweet berries that can be irresistibly attractive to young children.

Insects can be a valuable source of energy, but many find the thought of eating them distasteful. Most insects are actually edible, but some taste better than others. Many species are actually very low in fat and high in protein.Crickets, grasshoppers, mealworms and wood grubs are all a safe bet. You will find that most insects taste better when barbecued and you can even grind them up to make an insect flour.

To stop them biting you can eat things rich in vitamin B, use lemon juice on your skin and clothes and use smoke as a natural insect screen. There are several types of plants that naturally repel mosquitoes so if they are around you can make use of them. Some of these are horsemint, marigolds, catnip and rosemary. You can also use lemon eucalyptus oil as a mosquito repellent.

Birds, rabbits and other small animals are all generally good to eat, but not so easy to catch. This is particularly true if you find yourself lost without a weapon. In these circumstances some form of trap will possibly provide the best chance of catching an animal.

You may be thinking that this will never happen to you and you will never be forced to eat grasshoppers for dinner. But this really could happen to you. All you have to do is stray from the main path through a forest, as I once did, and before you know it you are disoriented and lost. That’s when you’ll wish you’d paid more attention to Ray Mears Extreme Survival.

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Mosquitoes are quite an open and hardy adversary, having been around for just a few million years and having evolved to survive

Read on to know more about mosquito bites, home remedies for a bite and the diseases that spread through a bite…

Mosquitoes belong to the family of Culicidae. They have a pair of wings that are scaled, a pair of halteres, a very slender body and long legs. It is the female of most mosquito species that sucks blood from other animals and is the most deadly disease vector known to man.  Diseases spread by mosquitoes have been responsible for killing millions of people for thousands of years and continue to do so even today.

Mosquitoes Bites

The mosquitoes have been around for more than 30 million years and over the period of time they have honed their skills and have developed a number of sensors to track their prey. They are equipped with chemical sensors that can detect carbon dioxide and lactic acid at distances as far as 100 feet. Mammals and other living organisms produce these gases as part of normal breathing. Chemicals in the sweat too attract the mosquitoes. This is the reason that people who sweat less get bitten less by mosquitoes. Mosquitoes also have visual sensors and if they can spot a moving organism, they take their chances and zero in on the prey. Lastly, mosquitoes also have heat sensors which can help then sense a warm blooded mammal close by.

The female mosquito lands on the skin and inserts its proboscis into the skin. A proboscis is very sharp and extremely thin. This is the reason as why one does not normally feel it going in. The saliva of the female mosquito contains proteins in the form of anticoagulants that prevent the blood of the victim from clotting. With the help of the proboscis, the mosquito sucks in about 5 micro-liters of blood into its abdomen.

After the bite, some saliva of the mosquito remains on the wound. The proteins present in the saliva evoke an immune response in the body. The area that is bitten swells up and is called the wheal. The itch is the response that is provoked by the saliva. After some time, the swelling goes away but the bitten area will continue to itch until the immune cells of the body break down the saliva proteins.

Treating Mosquito Bites

Defense is the best from of treatment here. Take adequate precautions to ensure that you are not bitten by a mosquito. But if you have been bitten, then here are some home remedies that you can use to reduce the swelling and the itch:

• Wash the infected area with soap and water immediately after you have been bitten. Wipe the site clean and try to keep it dry until the irritation reduces. Remember not to scrub the skin. Soak the area and then pat dry it.
• Avoid scratching the bitten area. A mosquito bite normally heals in a couple of days but continuous scratching can delay the healing process.
• Make a sticky paste with baking soda and water and apply it over the bitten area.
• Apply an ice pack wrapped in a piece of cloth over the bitten area. This provides instant relief.
• Using calamine lotion or a tropical anesthetic that contains pramoxine helps relieve both the pain and itch.
• Apply Aloe Vera gel over the area that has been bitten by the mosquito. Aloe Vera also forms a protective layer which prevents the spread of infection.
• A very commonly used home remedy is to rub soap directly on the bite.

Diseases Spread by Mosquito Bites

Mosquitoes are the deadliest vector known to man and spread bacterial as well as viral diseases. Some of the most common diseases spread by a mosquito bite are:

• Malaria: is caused by a parasite that is spread by the Anopheles mosquito. The symptoms include fever, chills, headache and general malaise. Malaria is a fatal disease but can be treated with anti-malarial drugs.
• Yellow Fever: is spread by the Aedes Aegypti mosquito. The symptoms are similar to malaria and also include jaundice, nausea and vomiting. There is no treatment for yellow fever and only the symptoms can be treated. It is controlled by vaccination and mosquito control.
• Encephalitis: is caused by a virus that is spread by the Aedes mosquito. The symptoms include high fever, headache, confusion, stiff neck and sleepiness.
• Dengue Fever: is caused by a parasite that is spread by the Aedes Aegypti
• mosquito in the tropical region and by the Asian tiger in Asiatic regions. This disease produces a range of illness varying from viral flu to hemorrhagic fever.

By Ranjan Shandilya

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There may be a  link between mosquito borne diseases and recent global warming.

The rise of many emerging infectious diseases and other threats to human health depends in large part on the local climate.

Global warming, the progressive and gradual warming of the earth’s surface temperature, is the most worrisome effect of climate change. Each year, in a number of places across the world, drought and high temperatures negatively affect water supplies and crops.

In addition, high temperatures have increased the number of reported illnesses and deaths among humans. The recent outbreaks of West Nile Virus in North America are a preview of how climate change can drastically affect our well-being. Today, scientists and professionals in the medical field are particularly concerned with how climate change will affect the mosquito population and how it will subsequently give potential rise to a variety of dangerous infectious diseases.

Many mosquito borne diseases are sensitive to climate conditions.

According to studies, a rise in temperature is one of the most common factors contributing to the increase of mosquito borne diseases.

In the case of the West Nile Virus, outbreaks were attributed in large part to a combination of heat and drought followed by heavy rain. Unfortunately, and most alarming is the fact that, according to a panel on climate studies, this weather pattern is likely to occur more frequently with global warming.

It is predicted that global warming will increase the risk of infectious diseases, and most particularly those that are prevalent in warm areas of the world. The spreading of disease will be facilitated by mosquitoes and other insects as warmer temperatures will allow them to propagate in areas further north. What this means is that diseases like malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever and encephalitis, which are common in warm weather countries, will begin to invade countries that previously had no reason to be concerned with such health problems. Taking the West Nile Virus as an example, mosquitoes are not the only carriers of disease but so are birds.

Scientists around the world have been seriously contemplating the effects of global warming on mosquito borne diseases. Because mosquitoes tend to breed faster as temperatures get higher, scientists are attempting to beat the clock. Global warming is a reality today; hopefully, scientists will find a way to eliminate the problem of mosquito borne diseases before a large scale epidemic takes place.

For more information on mosquito borne diseases visit the All Mosquito Netting Info website.

By Anna DeGaborik

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Conventional medicines find Malaria difficult to treat as the parasites responsible become more resistant

About two decades ago it was thought that malaria had been eradicated from India. However, recently, there has been a resurgence of this disease.

Malaria spreads through a mosquito bite (female anopheles) and the common causative organisms in India is plasmodium vivax and p falciparum (malaria parasite). Malaria caused by this parasite does not always cause any permanent damage. It is characterized by fever every third day, followed by rigor or shivering and accompanied by headache and muscle pain. In some cases, there may be enlargement of the liver and spleen. The final diagnosis can be made by examining the blood for the presence of the parasite. Lately a resistant strain of plasmodium vivax and p falciparum has erupted in some areas of India. This has made the treatment more difficult since it is resistant to the usual anti-malarial drugs.

How Does the Disease Progress? The malarial parasite gets injected into the bloodstream by the bite of the female anopheles mosquito and reaches the liver where it multiplies. The baby parasites are released from the liver into the bloodstream, where they enter the red blood cells (RBCs) or return to the liver. Those which enter the RBCs, grow and further multiply. This leads to distension and bursting of RBCs and releasing the toxic metabolites of these multiplied parasites, resulting in rigour and fever. The released parasite may re-enter into other RBCs to repeat the cycle of growth and multliplication, causing another attack of rigonr and fever. This new cycle in RBCs takes about 48 hours and account for the occurrence of fever and rigour every third day. Those who enter the liver may be responsible for continuance of the disease; it takes about two weeks’ time to complete the multiplication cycle. The parasites can be attacked in the RBCs or in the liver.

Drugs that are generally used for malaria

Chloroquine

This is the drug of choice for benign tertian malaria which is usually caused by plasmodium vivax. The oral dose is 600 mg twice of chloroquine (base), followed after 6 hours by 300 mg, then 150mg twise daily, for the next two days. The other drug of this group is amodiaquine. However, some stains of P. falciparum are resistant to chloroquine. In such a situation, quinine is given intravenously. Chloroquine may cause nausea, vomiting and stomach pain. It can be given during pregnancy.

Mefloquine

It is used for treating an acute attack and curing malaria due to resistant strains of parasites. It should be kept reserved for only these patients of malaria, since its misuse may result in the development of mefloquine-resistant strains of the parasites. It is taken in a single dose of 1.5g.

Adverse Effects: Adverse effects of mefloquine are seen in about 1 % patients. These includes irritation in the stomach, fatigue, neurological symptoms in the form of headache, dizziness, visual disturbances, vertigo, tinnitus, insomnia, restlessness, anxiety psychosis, or seizures. It can produce heart-rate irregularities when given along with digoxin, anti-depressants and propranolol.

By: Franchis

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AdvCare is one of the leading Canada drug store. First established in January 2000, its mission is to become the number one site for OTC drugs canada and generic prescription drugs searches.

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Don’t be bugged by the bites!

Preparing yourself is the topic for this part of our activity holidays guide.

Being prepared when you are planning on activity holidays almost guarantees that you will have a great time! You should pay attention to your physical condition, your level of expertise in the activities you’ll be undertaking, the equipment / gear you’ll need, and what clothing you take with you.

And something important that often gets forgotten is  insect repellant for mosquito control because it can get very uncomfortable without it and otherwise spoil what could be a very enjoyable and memorable holiday

You should engage in some aerobic activity (jogging, cycling, swimming, etc.) at least 30 minutes a day, 3 times a week as preparation. You should make sure you work up to a certain intensity level as you get closer to your activity holiday since you will probably be very physical through it with little down time.

Some things you will be doing like ice climbing or canoeing will not be practical to practice, but you can prepare for hiking and biking. If practicing for the specific activities on your holiday isn’t possible, the best fallbacks for preparation are cycling and walking.

You’ll be provided with a detailed list of gear and clothing to take and should ensure that you have every item on that list as it was created by an expert who knows exactly what you’ll need. Along with what your guide tells you is required for your holiday, you should also take a few small bags, like a backpack and a fanny pack, that will carry all of your personal necessities; larger bags will be cumbersome and might slow you down.

It is generally best to wear durable, comfortable, fast-drying garments, in layers. Bring with you your rain gear, hats to protect you from sun and colder weather, warm jackets, long slacks, shorts, long sleeved shirts to protect you from mosquito bites, extra garments for during non-sport activities, and one additional pair of shoes for in a situation where your primary pair of shoes become wet. You might also want to consider a bathing suit and eye protection. Also an anti itch cream if you do need mosquito bite treatment

Check to see if you will need to bring sleeping items such as a ground pad, tent, pillow and sleeping bag, or cooking equipment, such as cutlery and food. You can sometimes rent these items from the activity holiday company if you don’t already have them.

Your instructor / guide will have a group first aid kit but it’s advisable to also take your own with basics like bandages, aspirin and  insect repellant .

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Malaria is a serious disease caused by a parasite. Infected mosquitoes spread it.

Malaria is very common throughout the world. In the United States, the main risk is to persons traveling to tropical and subtropical countries where malaria is a problem.

There are four different types of malaria caused by four related parasites.

The most deadly type occurs in Africa south of the Sahara Desert. The symptoms characteristic of malaria include fever, chills, muscle aches, and headache. Cycles of chills, fever, and sweating that recur every 1, 2 or 3 days are typical.

There can sometimes be vomiting, diarrhoea, coughing and yellowing (jaundice) of the skin and whites of the eyes.

The treatment for malaria depends upon the geographic area where a person has been infected with the disease. Different areas of the world have malaria types that are resistant to certain medications.

Malaria is a disease which can be transmitted to people of all ages. It is caused by parasites of the species Plasmodium that are spread from person to person through the bites of infected mosquitoes. Malaria is a parasitic disease that involves infection of the red blood cells. Of the four types of malaria, the most serious type is falciparum malaria, which can be life-threatening. The other three types of malaria (vivax, malariae, and ovale) are generally less serious and are not life-threatening. The scientific name of the particular type of mosquito is Anopheles. An infected Anopheles mosquito bites a person and injects the malaria parasites into the blood. The malaria parasites then travel through the bloodstream to the liver and eventually infect the red blood cells.

Causes of Malaria

1. Malaria is usually caused by a mosquito bite and the parasite microbe is passed from the mosquito to the blood through a sharp hypoderme needle like sting. Risk factors include traveling in areas in which such mosquitoes are found or, rarely, being bitten by a mosquito that has previously fed on an “imported” case of malaria (such that the case can occur in an area of the world where malaria is not endemic).

2. Transmitted by transfusion of infected blood.

Symptoms of Malaria

1. Sequential chills, fever, and sweating.

2. Jaundice.

3. Stools, bloody.

4. muscle pain.

5. Anemia.

6. Headache.

7. Nausea and vomiting.

Treatment of Malaria

Prevention of malaria what is practiced in epidemic areas is by spraying insecticides like DDT. Many new drugs are available for malaria, however most of the drugs are derived from Quinine derivatives. Malaria often requires treatment with medicine (antimalarial medications). Most of the time antimalarial medications effectively treat the infection; however, some malaria parasites may survive because they are in the liver or are resistant to the medication.

By: Juliet Cohen Article Directory: http://www.articledashboard.com

Juliet Cohen writes health articles for health care clinic. She also writes articles for women health.

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